西南桦人工林木材纤维形态株内变异研究

为研究西南桦人工林的木材物理力学性能,对其禾材纤维形态进行了测试.结果表明:径向上纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比在髓心处较小,沿髓心向外逐渐增大并渐趋稳定,纤维壁腔比在髓心处较大,沿髓心向外逐渐减小并渐趋稳定;轴向上纤维长度、宽度、长宽比在树根处较小,随树木长高逐渐增大并逐步趋于稳定,纤维壁腔比在树根处较大,随树木长高逐渐减小并逐步趋于稳定.西南桦人工林木材纤维较长,纤维长宽比较大,纤维壁腔比较小,纤维形态表明西南桦人工林木材是适合用于制浆造纸工业的极好原料.     

A5-13杨、A5-17杨木材材性测定

以A5-13杨、A5-17杨等6个杨树种、品种(系)为试验材料,对基本密度、气干密度、干缩系数、纤维长度、纤维宽度及综纤维素含量进行了测定,结果表明:A5-13杨、A5-17杨属于木材密度中等的品系,基本密度均为0.36 g·cm-3,气干密度分别为0.43 g·cm-3、0.42 g·cm-3;体积干缩系数分别为0....     

Differing trophic niches of three French stygobionts and their implications for conservation of endemic stygofauna

1. Groundwater ecosystems represent the greatest proportion of unfrozen freshwater on Earth and harbour high numbers of rare taxa with restricted distributions. Stygofaunal abundance, species richness, and ecology play essential roles in groundwater ecosystem services and functioning, as well as providing an important contribution to global biodiversity. However, as global depletion and contamination of groundwater pose serious and often irreversible threats to stygofauna, more information is urgently needed about the ecology of rare groundwater species to guide effective strategies for their conservation or restoration.
2. In this study, analyses of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were used to compare and evaluate trophic niches and diets of a vulnerable stygobiont isopod, Gallasellus heilyi living in sympatry in French groundwater ecosystems with the isopod Caecosphaeroma burgundum and the amphipod Niphargus ladmiraulti.
3. Stable isotope results showed trophic niche partitioning among the three stygobiont species and indicated that G. heilyi and C. burgundum occupy the role of primary consumers and N. ladmiraulti that of predator. Moreover, although G. heilyi and C. burgundum were shown to rely on the same food sources, indicating similar diets, and their trophic niches did not overlap, suggesting trophic specialization.
4. The results suggest that detritus (i.e. decaying organic material) is an important food source for G. heilyi, and its availability could determine the survival of this endangered species. As a practical conservation measure for G. heilyi and the whole stygofauna community, we suggest reconnecting surface and subterranean ecosystems, as they probably were before natural sinks and many wells were filled up or closed.

     

Effects of different carbon sources and dietary protein levels in a biofloc system on growth performance,immune response against white spot syndrome virus infection and cathepsin L gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei

A 5‐week study was performed to evaluate the effect of spoilage date extract (SDE) as the biofloc carbon source on Litopenaeus vannamei (5.4 ± 0.3 g) performance. The two levels of dietary protein (15% and 25% crude protein) and two carbohydrate sources (molasses‐M and SDE‐P) were tested including: M15, M25, P15 and P25. The minimum (0.2 ± 0.0 mg/L) and the maximum (0.5 ± 0.0 mg/L) of total ammonia nitrogen were observed in the P15 and M25 groups respectively. The highest protein efficiency ratio (6.1 ± 0.3) and protein productive value (112.3 ± 5.8%) were found in the P15 group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between biofloc treatments in the expression of cathepsin L gene in hepatopancreas (p > 0.05). The number of total haemocyte count (THC), semigranular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC) of shrimp in SDE‐based biofloc treatments was relatively higher than those in molasses‐based biofloc treatments. Following the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, a significant decrease in THC, SGC, GC and hyaline cell values was observed in all treatments (p = 0.001). Plasma biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by dietary protein levels, biofloc carbon sources as well as WSSV challenge test. In conclusion, SDE successfully could be used as an alternative carbon source for establishing a biofloc system in L. vannamei production.     

智能光纤浊度传感器设计与试验

浊度是指水体中悬浮颗粒的含量，在水产养殖中，悬浮颗粒由大量的细菌、病原体组成，颗粒物浓度过大，易危害水生动物的生存。传统的浊度检测技术易受环境光、色度、温度等因素的影响，稳定性差、精度低。为此设计了基于IEEE1451.2的智能光纤浊度传感器，该传感器由光学检测模块、信号变送模块、智能处理模块组成。光学检测模块采用880nm红外发光二极管作为光源，采用90°散射光检测法，有效降低了色度对浊度检测的影响。信号变送模块采用正向比例积分电路、I/V转换、滤波、检波电路对采集到的散射光电流信号进行处理，得到一个线性关系良好的直流浊度电压信号。为了提高传感器的精确度，设计了基于IEEE1451.2的智能处理模块，构建了温度补偿算法，采用校正TEDS参数完成对浊度的温度补偿，提高了浊度测量的准确度。对传感器性能进行测试试验，结果表明传感器准确度误差在±1.5%以内，稳定性误差在±1.0%以内，满足水产养殖对光纤浊度传感器的需求，具有较高的可靠性。     

双向刮削式香蕉茎秆纤维提取机的设计

针对我国香蕉茎秆纤维机械提取研究不足,现有设备纤维提取率低、含杂率高及能耗较高的现状,基于纤维提取滚筒刮削机制,研究设计了双向刮削式香蕉茎秆纤维提取机。该机采用两个刮取滚筒异向转动的组合刮取方式,实现对香蕉茎秆纤维的提取利用。试验表明:该机的生产效率平均为203.7kg/h,香蕉茎秆纤维提取率平均为89.7%,香蕉茎秆纤维提取的含杂率平均为16.1%,满足了香蕉茎秆纤维提取的农艺需求。     

基于SVM的CFRW导电性建模预测研究

针对碳纤维增强木质复合材料（CFRW）导电性具有非线性的特点，采用基于支持向量回归机（SVM）的机器学习方法建立碳纤维增强木质复合材料导电性预测模型。结果表明，所建模型的预测精度高、泛化能力强.     

杏棉间作复合系统对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响

以大田棉花为对照(CK),研究了环塔里木盆地杏、棉间作系统对棉花的产量和纤维品质特性的影响.结果表明:杏、棉间作下棉花的产量及其构成因素相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势；在杏、棉间作区,棉花的比强度、伸长率和马克隆值明显减少,而纤维长度、整齐度、黄度和纺纱指数则形成了明显的增...